Why is the common practice
of root treatment dangerous?
The aim of Root Canal Therapy is to ‘save’ a tooth
which has become infected or dead, in an attempt to make it functional
and pain free.
After scraping out the inside of the tooth the dentist will attempt
to disinfect the tooth and the canals to eliminate any source of
infection. The canal is then filled with a combination of cement
and Gutta Percha in an attempt to completely occlude these canals.
This is supposedly to prevent any microorganisms from entering the
tooth either through the crown or the root.
If you consider pain control, mechanical function and aesthetics
to be the limit of good dental treatment, then you will have "SAVED"
the tooth.
If systemic effects are included in your concept of dentistry,
than all that has happened, is that you have kept dead, infected
tissue, buried in the bone, within a couple of inches from your
brain.
For some obscure reason we are all conditioned to think that teeth
are not a part of the body, but that they are inert calcified material,
and that they are sort of dead anyway. Dentistry is the only one
of all the medical & para-medical professions that thinks it
is a good idea to keep dead, gangrenous tissue in the body.
One eminent Endodontist said:
“It is wrong to speak of (Root Canal Therapy) as a dead tooth;
it is more correct to describe such a tooth as non-vital or, better,
pulpless. Even though the central blood supply to the tooth has
been lost, the tooth itself still retains its connection to the
body via the periodontal membrane and the cementum.”[i], [ii]
The Oxford dictionary defines ‘non-vital’ as “Fatal
To Life”. It defines ‘Dead’ as “No longer
Alive”. It is like saying that even though the blood supply
to your leg may be completely cut off, it would be wrong to suggest
that the leg is dead, because it is still connected to your body
by your hip joint!
*******
Treatments Based In False Beliefs
Dr. Weston Price was the leading dental researcher at the turn
of the 20th century. He was the head of the American Dental Association
and wrote numerous papers on subjects as diverse as the role of
nutrition on dental health to the effects of dead teeth and root
canal therapy on systemic health. He was able to correlate different
disease states with the types of pathology seen around dead teeth.
He demonstrated thousands of times, the creation of diseases from
non-vital teeth. He demonstrated how every belief about Root Canal
Therapy, held by the dental community at the time, was based on
a complete lack of scientific research. They were myths which developed
and were then believed. The current dental communities have now
set these beliefs as concrete truths and continue to teach them
as though the earth were really flat.
The dental institutions claim that:
Root Canal Therapy is safe
Dr Price’s research is out of date
Focal infection Theory is irrelevant in dentistry
Read the Response to the Journal of the Australian Dental Association's 2007 supplement on endodontics to see that there is now broad agreemtent with the writings of Dr Price from 100 years earlier.
*******
1 Dentistry teaches that you can see infection on an x-ray.!
FALSE! Only if the angle is correct you may see
some bone loss on an x-ray. It is impossible to demonstrate infection
with an x-ray as dental radiographs only ‘see’ hard
tissue. They do not see soft tissue or infections and x-rays are
not microscopes. Due to the shadow cast by the root it is often
impossible to see the bone loss. [iii]
2 Dentistry teaches that you can gauge the extent of infection
by the amount of bone loss on an x-ray.
FALSE! It is assumed in dentistry that the extent
of bone loss is a direct indication of the amount of infection present.
This is a false assumption because the bone loss may take time to
develop. The extent of the bone loss about the end of the root is
also a function of the body’s immune system being able to
isolate the infection process. It has little to do with the degree
of infection.[iv]
Sometimes there is no bone loss, but instead, a condensation of
bone about the end of a dead tooth. We are taught in dentistry that
this indicates a lack of infection. The reality is that teeth showing
a ‘Condensing Osteitis’ are demonstrating that the body’s
immune system is incapable of quarantining the infection locally.1,9
These are often the teeth, which cause the greatest systemic effects.
This very crucial issue is explained by Dr Josef Issels 1995
“If the body's local resistance is weakened to such an extent
that the inflammatory process cannot be encapsulated by the granuloma
cyst, the toxins will be able to advance unhindered into the marrow
spaces, the tonsils, and into the body. In this case, it is proof
that….the organism has become largely incapable of reaction.
Radiographs of these teeth as a rule show no transparencies, and
are therefore called X-ray negative.
In my cancer patients, I have found that such non-encapsulated
foci, that is those who show X-ray negative-were particularly common,
as one would expect from people whose body resistance had been lowered.”
3 Dentistry teaches that you can determine the length of
a tooth by x-ray.
FALSE!
Dentistry teaches that a root canal must be filled to within 1mm
of the root apex. The apex of a root canal is only rarely determinable
by X-ray. Thus most root canals are worked too short, or so long
that the root filling will protrude through the end of the tooth
and into the bone. This is born out by research published in the
dental literature which demonstrates that approximately 17% of root
canals, filled by specialist orthodontists, are in fact ‘overfilled’.
In other words basic endodontic procedures done by specialists have
a failure rate of 17%.
Is this significant?
"In the canals which were overfilled, the extruded materials
were always associated with advanced destruction of the surrounding
tissue and liquification necrosis"[v]
It is not possible with an x-ray to see
- the end of the root canal,
- the angle of the root canal,
- the number of canals or
- the various branches of each canal
4 Dentistry teaches that it is possible to actually treat
all of the hollow areas of the tooth.
False!
It is assumed that the only part of the tooth, which contains soft
tissue, is the actual root canal. Even in the latest Australian
Dental Association handout on root therapy they state, “All
root canals in the effected tooth must be treated”. [vi]
Unfortunately the root canal is the smallest area of the tooth,
which contains nerves, blood vessels and connective tissue.
The root canals are really like the taproot of a tree - one main
root with hundreds of branches coming off it and opening to the
edge of the root all the way along its length. It is impossible
to treat these accessory canals or to remove the gangrenous products
from them.
Most of the tooth is made from tissue called ‘dentine’
- it is not a solid structure. It is made of tubules, which extend
from the surface of the root canal to the enamel of the crown and
to root surface. Each tubule is estimated to be able to contain
8 bacteria across its diameter.
In a front tooth, which has only one root there, is over three
kilometers of tubing. This equates to billions of microorganisms
in just one tooth. Upper molars usually have three roots and lower
molars two.
The volume of the root canal is actually quite small in comparison
to the volume of the accessory canals and the dentine tubules.
When only the root canals are treated, a massive amount of gangrenous
tissue, which is infected by anaerobic microorganisms will remain
in the tooth.
One of the finest descriptions of this process is again presented
by Dr Issels: 9
“In an understandable desire to preserve as many teeth as
possible, to maintain the masticatory apparatus and its functions,
attempts are often made to save teeth which are in fact lost. There
is a widespread conviction that this can be done without risk by
the sterile evacuation of the pulp, and then refilling the cavity.
For decades, the erroneous belief was held that, after such treatment,
the tooth is an isolated, lifeless thing, no longer involved in
any of the body's processes. This assumption was originally based
on the premise that the pulp cavity had only one orifice to the
apex of the root below, and by filling, this opening was sealed.
However, the dentinal canal does not end in just one opening; instead,
it resembles a tree with many branches which penetrate the tooth's
body in all directions.
The finer details of the entire dental structure have been exhaustively
studied by Austrian researchers. They have established that there
is a lively metabolic interchange between the interior and exterior
milieu of the tooth, and that this two-way process takes place along
many thousands of hyperfine, capillary canals joining the pulp cavity
to the exterior surface of the tooth.
Very careful conservation measures may possibly seal off the vertical
central-medial-tube of the dentinal canal, but it will never reach
the lateral "twigs" branching off from this tube. Nor
can it ever close off the innumerable capillary canals. Some protein
will always remain in these secondary spaces. If this protein becomes
infected, toxic catabolic products will be produced, and conveyed
into the organism.
It was established in 1960 by W. Meyer (Gottingen) that within
devitalised teeth the dentinal canals and dental capillaries contain
large microbial colonies. The toxins produced by these microbes
in a tooth with a root filling can no longer be evacuated into the
mouth, but must be drained away through the cross-connections and
unsealed branches of the dentinal and capillary canals into the
marrow of the jawbone. From there, they are conveyed to the tonsils,
and thus the flowing systems of the body. In fact, the conservation
treatment may literally convert a tooth into a toxin producing ‘factory’.
It then may be left to develop its devastating effect on the organism
for decades or even for a lifetime.”[vii]
Can Antibiotics or your immune system clean up the mess?
Most endodontic teaching, claims that the body’s immune system
will take care of whatever infected tissue remains. This is an assumption
based in fantasy. If the blood supply of the tooth has been removed
(which is what happens when the root canal is ‘cleaned out’)
the cells of the immune system cannot get there.
Often a dentist will administer antibiotics during or before root
therapy is started. Pain relief which may follow is due to the control
of the infection in the bone only. The antibiotics do not effect
the organisms which reside within the tooth which are the original
and continuing source of microorganisms and their toxins. As there
is no blood supply to the tooth it is NOT possible to get the antibiotics
in there either.[viii]
“ In the case of an acutely infected tooth there is no natural
process of drainage and there is no mechanism by which the antibiotics
which have been administered can reach the bacteria inside the tooth”
1
5 Dentistry teaches that it is possible to sterilize the
canal by using medicaments placed inside the canal.
FALSE!
It is impossible to sterilize the canals. The medicaments and antibiotics
used do not penetrate the dentine tubules. Dr. Price was even able
to culture bacteria from teeth through which he had poured fuming
formaldehyde. Even the recent dental literature reflects this:
"It is now known that complete sterilization of an infected
root canal is very difficult to achieve and complete removal of
all pulp tissue remnants frequently is not possible.” [ix]
6 Dentistry teaches that when the canal is sealed and the
oxygen supply cut of, these bacteria die.
FALSE!
It is now known that dead teeth are usually heavily infected with
gram negative anaerobic bacteria. [x] Sundqvist, in 1976 isolated
88 species of bacteria out of 32 root canals with periapical disease.[xi]
“Only 5 of those bacteria could grow in air…long standing
populations of infected root canals do contain a mixture of strict
anaerobes. Low grade but chronic periapical inflammation is the
result that may last for years.” Other organisms such as yeasts,
funguses and ‘cell-wall-deficient forms’ (Lida Mattman)
also inhabit this tissue.[xii]
The dead teeth thus become a focus of infection, which can cause
numerous disease states throughout the body. Anaerobic bacteria
produce incredibly potent neurologic and hemolytic toxins. A true
“Toxin Factory”.
7 Dentistry teaches that if it does not hurt it must be
OK!
FALSE!
Weston Price’s comments are most succinct;
“Local comfort......... may constitute both what is probably
one of the greatest paradoxes and one of the costliest diagnostic
mistakes through injury to health, that exists in dental and medical
practice ............ the absence of this local reaction and the
consequent destruction by the infection products, permits them to
pass through the body to irritate and break down that patient’s
most susceptible tissue”.
Lack of pain around the tooth is usually taken to mean a successful
root therapy. Unfortunately lack of pain around the tooth does not
reflect the seriousness of associated systemic effects.
8 Systemic effects need not be thought of in relation to
dental disease.
FALSE!
All researchers from Weston Price[xiii], Billings, Rosenow, Stortebecker,
Ratner and many others, have demonstrated the spread of systemic
disease from infected teeth and gums. It is only the dental profession,
who are not trained in medicine that refuse to accept this basic
concept. The research of Steinman [xiv] in the 70’s conclusively
demonstrates the relationship of metabolic dysfunction and dental
disease.
Patrick Stortebecker and others have demonstrated the transport
of all materials, microorganisms and their toxins directly from
the tooth back to the brain via the blood and by transport along
the nerve fibres.2,3,4,5 Many other research articles have shown
that whatever you put in a tooth can be transported to the rest
of the body.[xv],[xvi],[xvii],[xviii]
9 Dentistry claims that the materials used to fill a dead
tooth are safe
FALSE!
The dental literature is repleat with research that demonstrates
that all of the root filling cements and Gutta Percha itself are
all CYTOTOXIC. There is NO safe material. In fact root filling cements
have been shown to;
Induce calcification in various organs of the body[xix]
Cause neurological damage and interfere with nerve transmission,
in some cases irreversibly[xx],[xxi]
Be Mutagenic and Carcinogenic[xxii],[xxiii]
Many of the root filling cements either contain or breakdown to
Formaldehyde – a substance known to cause cancer, breathing
problems, damage to embryos, and a host of other disastrous effects.
It is the substance which is used to mummify tissue.
One of the most commonly used root filling materials in Australia
is a material called AH26. This is commonly used throughout the
world. Look at what the manufacturer says about its own material
in its Material Safety Data Sheet:
Dangerous Components; Bismuth Oxide, Methanamine, Silver, Titanium
Dioxide .
Dangerous Breakdown Products; Formaldehyde, Nitrogen Oxides, Ammonia
Warnings: Skin Irritant, Eye Irritant, Sensitization Inhalation
and Skin contact. After Swallowing: Rinse mouth thoroughly and then
drink plenty of water. Call a doctor immediately.
Ecological Information: Do not allow product to reach ground water,
water course or sewage. Do not allow to enter sewers/surface or
ground water. Water Hazard class 2 (German regulation) (Self assessment)
: hazardous for water.
How would you like to have this material implanted into your body?
*******
Focal Infection Theory
“A root canal treatment which does not plant a focus, does
not exist” Schondorf
The concept of focal infection has been around for well over 150
years. Since the time of Pasteur, the medical and dental authorities
have claimed that the concept of focal infection firstly cannot
exist and secondly does not hold relevance to dead teeth which have
been root therapied. Lately the dental associations are stating
that, to promote the theory of focal infection is to set dentistry
back by 150 years. This unscientific lie is nothing short of “popularist
dogma” as highlighted by the Journal Of Endodontics, as recently
as 1976 –
“The concept of focal infection in relation to systemic disease
is firmly established. The origin of many toxic or metastatic diseases
may be traced to primary local or focal areas of infection”.[xxiv]
Many researches over the years have successfully demonstrated that
dead, root therapied teeth can in fact release organisms and their
toxins into the body. These can then initiate disease states in
other parts of the body. Stortebecker has even demonstrated that
these organisms and their toxins can be transported directly back
to the brain via the blood and also by transport along the nerve
fibers. Other researchers have demonstrated that the brain can be
directly infected from dead teeth[xxv],[xxvi],[xxvii],[xxviii]
“A Focus of infection has been defined as a circumscribed
area infected with microorganisms which may or may not give rise
to clinical manifestations.
A Focal Infection has been defined as sepsis arising from a focus
of infection that initiates a secondary infection in a nearby or
distant tissue or organs.”
From yet another of the dental journals – none other than
the Journal of the American Dental Association (1951) we read:
Two mechanisms can produce focal infection:
1- an actual metastasis of organisms from a focus,
2-the spread of toxins or toxic products from a remote focus to
other tissues by the blood stream. [xxix]
“If the bacteria pass the barrier (of the abscess wall) a
number of things may happen;
(Appleton)
1- the bacteria may be discharged from the focus onto a free surface
whence, conveyed by mechanical means, they determine an extension
of the disease by re-inoculation.
2- the bacteria escaping from the focus may be conveyed to distant
parts of the body by way of the lymphatics or blood. Once the bacteria
leave the focus they may be arrested by the nearest lymph nodes.
A lymphadonitis gong on to abscess formation may develop. If the
bacteria pass this barrier three things may happen (a) they may
multiply in the blood setting up an acute or chronic septicemia.
(b) they may be carried live to a suitable nidus where they infect
the surrounding tissue. (c) they may produce a slow but progressive
atrophy with replacement fibrosis in various organs of the body.
3- Products of bacterial metabolism or of the interaction of bacteria
and the cells …….may reach remote parts of the body.
4- the bacteria at the focus may undergo autolysis or dissolution.
Some of the products of this dissolution, diffusing into the blood
or lymph , may sensitize in an allergic sense various tissues of
the body. A later diffusion of these products on reaching the sensitized
tissue may call forth an allergic reaction”
There is a suggestion in dentistry that if the infection is ‘quarantined’
it will not pose a danger to the rest of the body. The quarantining
is regarded to be in the form of a Dental Granuloma (an encapsulated
abscess). Unfortunately this position is not supported by the dental
literature;
“the capsule contains a meshwork of capillaries among its
fibers and is penetrated abundantly by larger vessels; thus direct
communication is established in the inner part, or seat of inflammation
and the circulation………”
In 1931 Freeman reported “ there is no question that bacteria
or their toxins are not limited by the fibrous capsule.” 33
To ignore the reality of focal infection is to allow dentistry
to operate in the dark ages.
Who may be affected by a focus of infection? We do not have to
go far to find that the dental literature itself provides the answer,
again demonstrating the falseness of the position upheld by dental
authorities.
“A patient becomes susceptible to infection if any of these
mechanisms (immune function and reticuloendothelial system) decrease
in function, or if an organ is damaged to the extent that microorganisms
can localize and produce an infection.”
“Patients with rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart
disease, heart valvular prosthesis, or patients with an inadequate
defense mechanism are susceptible to severe consequences if they
are subjected to a bacteremia. Inadequate defense mechanisms to
resist bacteremias may result in cases of; debilitation or dehydration,
exposure to radiation, diabetes, cancer, blood dyscrasias, malnutrition,
vitamin deficiency, leukemia, multiple myeloma, diseases of the
liver or kidney, and in patients undergoing prolonged therapy with
antibiotic, corticosteroids, immunosuppresives, and antimetabolites.”[xxx]
This is just about everyone who undergoes any stress in their lives.
Increase in the amount and variety of types of stress produces a
severe drop in immune function.
Trigeminal Neuralgia – A special note!
Peripheral nerve damage (as far away as the teeth) in human beings
can result in central nervous system damage or hyperexcitability
in the trigeminal ganglion and nuclei with subsequent development
of Trigeminal Neuralgia [xxxi],[xxxii],[xxxiii],[xxxiv],[xxxv]
*******
Neural Focal Interference
Focal infection is just one of the problems associated with dead
teeth. The other way that dead teeth can affect your health is by
interfering with the control mechanisms of the body. This knowledge
was first developed by two doctors called the Heuneke brothers,
in Germany in the 1950’s. What they found was that areas of
dead tissue, scar tissue, foreign bodies, cystic tissue and infected
tissue could interfere with the body’s regulatory systems.
They called these areas “Foci of Neural Interference.”
A neural interference field will create an imbalance in the body’s
regulatory mechanisms, which include the tissue fluid around all
of the cells of the body. Dead and infected teeth fulfill all the
criteria to become Primary Foci of Neural Interference. The imbalance
in the regulatory system will then either create or potentiate disease
states in other parts of the body, which are remote from the original
focus. These disease states will often coincide with areas of the
body that are on the same acupuncture meridians as the primary focus.
This has been verified by the work of Voll who was a German physician
and electro-acupuncturist. For example we often see disease states
in the areas of reproductive system, kidney and knees in relation
to non-vital front teeth. (See the EAV charts at the end of this
section)
The mouth and teeth are a primary source of focal infection and
neural interference fields. No other parts of the body have dead
tissue routinely left in place. The only thing, which seems to separate
individual reactions, is the state of that person’s immune
system and genetic factors. Consequently other factors, which may
reduce immune function, will allow a greater reaction to the non-vital
teeth. (e.g. Mercury from dental amalgam fillings will have a direct
and deleterious effect on the immune system)
The German Medical Association for Focal Research and Control,
defines focus as: "an abnormally localised alteration in the
organism, with the capacity to induce distant actions out of its
immediate proximity.” Any local circumscribed pathogenous
organic alteration such as a chronic inflammation, a degenerative
altera–tion, or a scar (independent of its size and location),
can be active as a focus or as an "interference field".
The "focus" is defined by Pichinger and Kellner as a
"chronic devious localised alteration in the connective tissue,
which can cause the most diversive reactions out of its immediate
environment and consequently is located in a permanent active relationship
with the localised and general immune system.”
Any chronic inflammation, any scar, any degenerative or other alteration
can obviously satisfy this condition. The focus is embedded in the
mesenchymal base tissue and in that way has direct contact with
the capillary system of the blood and lymphatic vessels and the
neuro-vegetative nerve fiber. This produces the connection to the
whole organism. Through any of these conduction systems, it will
be able to cause distant actions in other organs. The focal nerve
impulse will be first projected into the vegetative centers, where
it can cause a vegetative dysregulation which likewise can become
retroactive to the whole organism again. On the other hand, focal
toxins and bacteria will be infiltrated by the vessel systems where
they are able to spread their infectious, toxic and allergenic properties
everywhere.”9
*******
Apicectomy & Retrograde Root Fillings
Sometimes, when an infection at the end of a root does not seem
to heal, the dental surgeon will perform a surgical technique to
clean the abscessed area. This is called an Apicectomy. This surgery
is based on the false belief that infected material escapes only
through the end of the root. Therefore as part of this procedure,
a filling is often placed at the end of the root. This is called
a Retrograde Root Filling. The material of choice, which is most
commonly advocated by the dental profession, is Mercury Amalgam!
There is not one area of medicine that would condone the implantation
of amalgam or mercury into bone. This is in fact what is being done
daily in dentistry. It is equivalent to an implant of mercury directly
into the brain! This is not an exaggeration. Many researchers have
demonstrated that mercury vapor released from dental amalgam will
migrate through the palate and the nasal linings to pass directly
into the brain. [xxxvi] If the mercury is already inside the bone
it will migrate freely to the brain.
If you have had this treatment it is vital to remove all bits of
amalgam from the bone.
*******
Pulpotomy
Due to the anatomy of the end of the root of a baby (deciduous)
tooth it is not possible to do a root therapy. If a baby tooth is
infected or dead, the treatment, which is still taught at Sydney
University, is called a Pulpotomy. This involves the removal of
only the crown section of the pulp while leaving the remainder of
the infected pulp in the root of the tooth. This pulp stump is then
covered with a material which ‘mummifies’ the remaining
tissue. The mummifying material is in fact a mixture of Formaldehyde
and Cresol. The belief is that this material remains in the tooth.
There is NO scientific foundation for this belief! In fact there
is a large amount of published research which demonstrates that
Formaldehyde placed in teeth will migrate easily to every tissue
in the body[xxxvii]. Formaldehyde is carcinogenic (cancer producing)
in minute amounts.
Pulpotomies not only mummify the pulp but
may start to mummify the child as well.
*******
Symptoms
The types of disease states, which relate to dead teeth, are so
numerous that it is impossible in an article of this size to discuss
them all. They range from head and neck pain all the way through
to rheumatism and cancer.
· The most common symptom is in the form of head and neck
pain. This may range from mild headaches to migraine to Trigeminal
Neuralgia.
· Sinusitis is very often associated with non-vital and
Root Canal Therapied teeth especially if they are in the upper arch.
· Price found that most patients with non-vital teeth had
some thyroid dysfunction.
· A number of researchers and physicians are finding a relationship
between cancer and non vital teeth[xxxviii].
· Reduced immune function is common.
· Eye and Ear problems are common and rheumatic and arthritic
changes are almost the norm amongst people with dead teeth in their
mouths.
· Many heart problems and nervous disorders are associated
with dead teeth.
· Multiple Sclerosis has also been linked to the toxins
and organisms from dead teeth.[xxxix],[xl]
The location of the tooth, the types of organisms inside it and
the nature of the person’s genetic make up will determine
the areas of disease found clinically. The one thing that is certain
is that if you are sick you should look very carefully at all non-vital
teeth, whether root therapied or not.
*******
Treatment
Dentistry is the only medical/paramedical profession that consider
it O.K. to leave dead infected tissue in the body. (Not only is
it OK but it is condoned and paid for by the health funds.) No medical
practitioner would consider leaving gangrenous tissue in the body.
Unfortunately there are no good alternatives for this situation.
The only treatment for dead tissue in the body is to remove it.
Therefore the treatment of choice is to extract a dead tooth rather
than root fill it. It is also important to remove any infected tissue
from around the tooth. This usually requires a very easy surgical
approach to access the end of the socket. Although this does not
sound attractive, the results usually are, and the actual surgery
is usually very easy.
NICO Lessions
As dentists we are taught to extract teeth with forceps and that
any infected tissue left in the bony socket will be dealt with by
the cells of the immune system. This does sometimes happen. Often,
though, the bone will heal around the infected tissue, which remains
indefinitely as an infected hole in the bone. These areas are usually
colonized by gram negative bacteria.[xli] They are called areas
of Osteitis or NICO Lesions (Neuralgia Inducing Cavitational Osteonecrosis)
NICO lesions[xlii],[xliii] can act as Foci of Infection and also
Neural Foci just as the Root Therapied teeth can. This is the main
reason that a surgical approach is used for most extraction.
The next obvious question is ‘How do you fill the space?’
The solution depends on the location of the space and the condition
of the adjacent teeth and or lack of teeth in the area. It will
usually involve the creation of some sort of bridge or partial denture.
Each person must be assessed individually.
I do not believe that Titanium implants are a suitable solution.
The electric currents generated by these devices may also act as
a neural interference field. [xliv]
Go to top of page
References
[ii] Focal Infection - The endodontic point of view Ehrmann Oral
Surgery Vol 44 No 4 October 1977
[iii] I. Bender J. Endo 23:1 1997
[iv] M.K Sharief N Eng J Med 1991 325:467-72
[v] Malcolm Davis . Periapical and intracanal healing following
incomplete root canal fillings in dogs. Oral Surgery May 1971 Vol
31 No 5
[vi] Australian Dental Association handout December 1996
[vii] Cancer A second Opinion Dr Joseph Issels MD Avery publishing
Group ISDN 0-89529-992-5
[viii] Philip Delivanis Oral Surgery 1981 Vol 52 No 4
[ix] Phillip Delivanis Oral Surgery 1981 Vol 52 No 4
[x] K.E Safvi J. Endo. vol 17 No 1 Jan 1991
[xi] Wu, Moorer, Wesselink. Capacity of anaerobic bacteria enclosed
in a simulated root canal to induce inflammation. Int. Endodontic
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[xii] Personal research with Dr J Burke of Australian Biologics,
Sydney
[xiii] Weston Price. Dental Infections Oral and Systemic. Vol 1
& 2
[xiv] R.Steinman J Southern California State Dental Assoc. Vol
28, No11 November 1960
[xv] Capra N. Andersopn KV. Pride JB. Jones TE simultaneous “Demonstration
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Exp. Neurol 86(1984) 165-170
[xvi] Marfurt C. Turner D Uptake and transneuronal transport of
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Afferent Neurons’ Brain Res. 452(1988) 381-387
[xvii] Marfurt C. Turner D ‘The central Projections of tooth
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535-547.
[xviii] Arvidson J. Gobel S. “An HRP study of the Central
Projections of Primary Trigeminal Neurons which innovate tooth pulps
in the cat. “ Brain Res. 210 (1981) 1-16
[xix] N. Economedes et al J. Endo 21:3 1995
[xx] Brodin P Roed A Aars H Orstavik D [J Dent Res (1982 Aug) 61(8):1020-3
[xxi] Serper A Ucer O Onur R Etikan I J Endod (1998 Sep) 24(9):592-4
[xxii] Lewis BB Chestner SB Formaldehyde In Dentistry: A Review
Of Mutagenic And Carcinogenic Potential J Am Dent Assoc (1981) 103(3):429-434
[xxiii] Stea S Savarino L Ciapetti G Cenni E Stea S Trotta F Morozzi
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